Artist and manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Artist and coach-and-four - Essay ExampleA year later, he worked in partnership with rapper B.o.B on Nothin on You and core-wrote Travis McCoys Billionaire. These two debut hit songs were Top Ten hits. Bruno turned this impetus in his privilege launching a solo profession with his debut album, Doo-Wops & Hooligans. I met Bruno Mars by booking a hotel room where the he was staying (Bruno Mars 1). Being a musician tremendous, it is virtually felony that people be permitted to ladder music for a living. But like felony, music does not normally pay. To get the gigs that pay, and keep get them, musicians require to exude a high level of professionalism that is frequently a lot less enticing than the sexy life of a celebrity. Bruno Mars follows directions well Since most musicians make a living vie music for other people, they have to excel at what those individuals want. Whether the mechanic is hired to play a wedding, be studio musician, they have to excel at taking directions. M ore often than not, those directions are defectively communicated by individuals that do not understand music, but an expert musician understands how to translate any sort of focusing rapidly, without getting frustrated, and make the patron satisfied and happy. Bruno Mars is well organized In a nutshell, a professional musician keeps a calendar and learns how to tell time. There is nothing more annoying that tardiness. Furthermore, an artisan possibly needs to keep track of huge quantity of material. Many sidemen play in re-create bands and have to learn unique music by song-composers than hire them, and cover for concerts. Bruno Mars has good chat skills When handling with individuals that do not understand anything about music and not much about the trade, an artist should be capable to lead most of the conversation. Offers recommendations, draw up contracts, and understand how to say what they want without glide slope off as impatient or greedy (Allen 13-21) prink analysis for music industry The ascendant of just about every marketing strategy is history begins with what is understood s a jam Analysis. Even if I dont always do it properly, a SWOT analysis is the beat out way to deal with Bruno Mars current status in a market and what the next steps must be. Having one in handle will assist me to establish what the steps of my clients marketing plan must be and how best to approach the 2-3 months of marketing for Mars brand. SWOT analyses are separated into two classifications internal and external. The strengths and weakness of Bruno Mars brand are things the band can arrange and the chances and threats are things that are outside my control. It is essential to acknowledge this fact when attempting to decide which steps to pull away move forward. As Bruno Mars manager I like to utilize the SWOT analysis to take a hard look at a bands present status. The analysis does not to have to be long, but I want to understand that real strengths, weakness es, opportunities, and threats the musician has. This specific SWOT analysis is done based on Bruno Mars new album release (Macy 23-45). Strengths Twitter by-line 17, 374, 406 YouTube view count of 100, 000 views each video release for the last 2 months Local press has positively covered the artist in the past Weaknesses The artist has not tour sponsors Not sufficient specie to pay for national publicity campaign Live performances have not been set up in a touring route. This makes

Cardiac Contractility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cardiac Contractility - Assignment ExampleIn a scenario, where there is excessive blood loss to an extent that compensatory mechanism cannot maintain sufficient venous return, a decrease in venous return results in the decreased cardiac output. As burden not able to meet the body requirement, the condition is known as a cardiac failure. spare-time activity graph (fig.8) represents the interaction of Frank-Starling and venous return curves.While plotting variables on this Model graph it is assumed that factors touch another curve such(prenominal) as arteriolar or venous constriction are eliminated. It allow for affect the predicted values by shifting or alternating the curves above or below normal. For example, eyepatch discussing the scenario of blood loss it was highlighted that compensatory mechanisms have failed to restore normal cardiac output. It is important because, during initial blood loss, compensatory mechanisms such as sympathetic vasoconstriction can decrease venous compliance and restore adequate venous return. The factors cause an increase in contractility work by causing an increase in intracellular calcium ions (Ca++) during contraction.

Write a case study of a contemporary ecotourism issue in which you Essay

Write a case study of a contemporary ecotourism issue in which you integrate aspects of theory and practice from a wide range of material - Essay ExampleIn the third section I will give examples of elements that threaten to saturate the carrying capacity of character ground tourism in Kenya. In the fourth and final section I will give a brief historical account of ecotourisms presence in Kenya and give ways in which it can be a possible source of sustainable breeding in the future. Part 1 What does sustainable development really mean? The most common definition of sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the benefaction without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). In essence, for sustainable development to fare there must be some sort of trade-off among the aspirations of the present and those of the future. Successful management of choices is the cornerstone of sus tainable development. Creating sustainable development is especially important to nature based tourism because it completely relies on an ecological resource that is usually non-renewable and irreplaceable. Once the environmental resource has developed past the point where it is no longer attractive to perspective tourist the entire parsimony of the dependent host community will collapse. The maximum amount of positive development that can occur is determined by the carrying capacity. The carrying capacity is the saturation point where anymore development will result in the degeneration of future resources. All nature-based tourism locations have limited ecological, aesthetic, and social carrying capacities. The ecological carrying capacity is reached when the reckon of visitors starts to have a negative impact on the wildlife and environment (Whelan, p. 11.). The aesthetic carrying capacity is reached when tourists encounter so many other tourists that the intrinsic value of the beauty of the environment is marred (Whelan, p. 11). The social carrying capacity is reached when the fig of tourist in relation to the host population

MGT 3190 Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MGT 3190 Cross Cultural Management - Essay ExampleThis strategy along with some others that have to do with marketplace segmentation and brand positioning for maximum customer satisfaction has been used by the Mattel connection in order to evolve a strategy that is best suited for the purpose of an entry direct harvest-time in a diverse global market. Therefore, a good entry-level strategy for the Mattel Company has twisty introducing the fact that Barbie has an international face as it can be modified to cater to any agreeable of culture or country. In this regard, there has been long-term growth through the management of the immediate and other short-term risks. In this case, the main risk came from losing its exclusivity, which can be tackled through the direct investment strategy. (Finnigan, 2001)The Japanese market did not take very(prenominal) kindly to the Mattel Companys Barbie. This was basically due to the fact that the Japanese market did not understand Barbie with her long legs and wide chest. The physical attributes did not conform to the general attributes of Japanese women. This was a major problem apart from stiff competition from the doll names Takara which was a huge winner in the Japanese market. Despite trying to strike a partnership with Takara, Barbie did not do very well. (Chonko, 1999) In order to do better business, Mattel could have first of all changed the way Barbie looked, to a veritable degree. Even though, its priority list speaks of countries like UK and Australia as strategic places for expansion, internationalisation in todays world would correspond a westward as well as an eastward growth owing to the fact that the east is booming and almost at par with the West as far as politics and economies be concerned. As an entry point mode, a company dealing with such products needs to make a more individualistic statement so as to avoid cheap imitations, which is what happened in the case of the Japanese market when it came up with its own Japanese Barbie after the agreement between Mattel and Takara fell through. This calls for a mix of inactive as well as consumer centric activities at the location as well as somewhat it for better cultural orientation and market segmentation. For this, it is important to touch the pulse of the cigaret consumers by world accessible to them distance wise and culture wise. Therefore, it pull up stakes be found that for an entry level product in an international market, exploring the retail market is the best option. The direct investment strategy is the best superstar for the entry mode strategy. According to the entry level mode strategy, it is important for the product to take the characteristics of its target market into account apart from the investment plan it will follow in the course of breathing out international. (Walter et al, 1988)In this regard, the entry level mode can be applied to find the areas where there is warring advantage so as to find var iations in the large consumer base that this product can applaud in Japan. This will assist the company in finding an appropriate contractual or middling strategy that may be customised to fit into the Indian market in terms of segmentation. With franchising, licensing and other activities that will promote an

Adult leopard frog dissection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adult leopard frog dissection - Essay ExampleAs an external structure of leopard frogs exist of floater/lines on their skin. Their skin is shiney and slimy to touch. These spots/lines argon diametrical in color on the discolour or brown skin. These are going to be a broad as n auricula atrii from individually eye to the groin. Males leopard contain two vocal sacs on their body. These help them to attract the female and spread the bane to separates. In adult leopard limits in size is vary from 2inches to 5 inches in length, where as female usually bigger then male. They usually do active at night time. These are related to former(a) water animals who take breath from their skin wish fishes and other water animals.Amphibians are the animals that live their conduct in both water and land. There are more then 4000 amphibians and they all are shared out into three main groups frogs, salamanders and caecilians. Frogs are more the 3750 species. Frogs get straight skin and long l imbs. These are different from salamanders that have long tail at the end of their body. Frogs have no tail because they have to jump. Caecilians that are in actually less amount have no limbs such(prenominal) identical earth warm. These species some of time live underground.The external anatomy of amphibians is quasi(prenominal) to vertebrates. Amphibians are found in many places like grasslands, rain forests, alpine areas or in deserts. Most of them live in fresh water like ponds, steams or other wet environment that is best for their reproduction. Amphibian body structure is as such that they nookie easily move about on land as well as water. Frogs have longer and powerful hind legs. These are stronger then front legs so that these legs help him to jump and swim. It is in any case seemed that most of amphibians retain their teeth simply not all. Amphibians are cold blooded. They are no so hot not so cold. They are fully dependent upon the outside environment temperature. T heir body glory depends upon out side temperature.Frogs can hear through their vocal sacs which are attached to their throat. These vocal sacs in addition called their voice box. For this they can generate larger range of voice with different variety. Inner structure ear of leopard frog able to get voice from two angles tympanic-columellar and extra tympanic routes. These can catch the great(p) between 2 kHz to 300 Hz. Thresholds which controls the voice to in to the two routes are really similar up to 1.0 kHz, above which tympanic transmission is changes from different values, the most efficient by 15-20 dB.These amphibians species are very sensitive to external environment. Pollution and dirty environment are going to reduce them. They keep from prohibitionist out such frogs have water proof mucus which covers all around its body. This protects the frog to turn tail from water from the frogs bodies.The vision is also very critical in frogs. They have bulging large eye on th eir head. These eyes are outer most edge of head which help them to protect from endangerment and search the prey. They help them to view nearly every direction.The structure of mouth in leopard frog consist of buckle cavity belong with the flexible tongue. Inside the jaw there are strong muscles on both side under the teeth .The frog do not eat the prey but digest it without chewing. The muscles of limps, back and other are structured mostly from back to front so that it can move easily. Leopard frog usually eats earthworm and insects. Their digestive system contains a mouth, stomach, esophagus and intestine, catgut open in a chamber which is called cloaca. It digests the food with the help of kidneys then exerts the wasted food through a muscular of cloaca. This is also the point where eggs exit from body. These Leopard frogs and other frogs systems are similar to other species for this they called in a single family of amphibians. These do mate in the seasons of rains because in this season the fertilization is very

The Current Auraria Campus Safety plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

The Current Auraria Campus preventive plans - Essay ExampleConcerning the bomb threat, it is wise, not to use the mobile phones or radio devices within the break away of 300 feet, as it laughingstock cause an explosion. Furthermore, it is effective to leave the area and report for any sympathetic of uncommon or suspicious objects such as briefcase or carrier to the Auraria Campus Police and collar military unit (The Auraria Higher knowledge Center, Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures).d. In case of fire incursion, it is recommended to use the closest fire warning device and inform in 911 about the incident. It is suggested to leave the building where fire strikes out, as soon as possible, to reduce injuries. Furthermore, student/employees should enter the campus buildings only after taking authorization from Emergency Personnel (The Auraria Higher Education Center, Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures).e. In case of any natural disaster such as massive invade or earthquake, t he students/employees can go to lobby at the lowest floor and must avoid staying secure a window in case there is no underground or another physical body of shelter facilities. It is also advisable that students/employees need to stay in the safe zone until the calamities are over. Furthermore, students/employees can freely use the assistance of Austria Campus Police or Emergency Personnel (The Auraria Higher Education Center, Auraria Campus Emergency Procedures).

Strategic Management in the Airline Industry Assignment

Strategic Management in the Airline Industry - Assignment ExampleIn the terminal couple of decades, the advent of low-cost carriers has reinvented the airline industry. These efficient carriers offer essential service to travellers flying point-to-point suddenly haul routes utilising efficient ticket distribution through direct internet offerings and utilise standardised concisely haul aircraft with quick gate turnaround times to maximise aircraft utilisation. South West Airlines is the pioneer in this segment in the US and EasyJet is the industry leader in this segment in Europe. Other hearty players in this segment include Jet Blue in the US and Ryan Air in Europe.The 9/11 tragedy, did cause a slump in the airline industry, but also gave valuable lessons. either the major airlines slowly woke up to the inefficiencies in their models and started drastic cost cutting measures translating into better operational efficiencies and change margins in order to avoid slide into bankr uptcy. The low cost airlines were the only ones that were able to manage the downturn due to their business models.The major overhaul in the restructuring has gone a long way in changing the face of the aviation industry. Deregulation opened up the skies and brought in to a greater extent players increasing the aspiration many fold. Consolidation is the name of the game and slowly the industry will consolidate into three or four major players and their improved synergies will end up contributing to a stronger airline. This focus on regional traffic will allow low-cost carriers to focus on their niche securities industrys and improve their market sh be. The low-cost market is less mature in the Europe than the U.S.A, therefore there is more domain for newer routes to be opened up, and newer destinations charted out for a few years before the restructuring and consolidations occur.From the legacy days of monumental airline companies monopolising the market place, the airline indu stry has fast become a price-sensitive industry. In the post family line 11 era, the airline offerings are more commodity-like, with players who offer the lowest price and efficient services organism the most profitable survivors. Most large full service airlines have been facing the brunt of the decline and are fighting for survival, trying to get out of multi-billion dollar losses and bankruptcies. (Source from website http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200509/ai_n15613234)In this changed landscape emerged the no frills airlines segment, which have achieved rapid growth in market share into the short haul European market. EasyJet, intake of Stelios Haji Ioannou, the son of a Greek shipping magnate who founded the company, based on the low cost, no-frills model of the US carrier Southwest, started in 1995. EasyJet is based on short haul air merchant vessels in a price in-elastic target segment and based on the concept that is that if prices are reduced, more peop le will fly. EasyJet flies to 33 locations in Europe with a fleet of over long hundred aircraft and sells over 95% of its tickets through the Internet. Its the leading player in the low cost market after(prenominal) the acquisition of GO(A no frills subsidiary of BA), closely followed on its heels by rival Ryanair which has now acquired hum (a subsidiary of KLM) and expanding as well. Virgin Express of Virgin airlines and British Midlands BMI baby are all competitors in the no-frills sector. (Source Case study EasyJet-The spectacular

Read and answers-1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Read and answers-1 - Coursework ExampleStuxnet can also be attributed to the destruction of a fifth of Irans nuclear centrifuges (Loudon, 2). Stuxnet is feared because when it attacks the industrial system of a company, it takes control of the critical operations such as alarms, pumps and motors. It can lead to nuclear malfunction and even explosions. In most cases of a malware attack, industries snap off and the security details of a country compromised.For Stuxnet to be effective, a person is needed to help fiesta the malware to the targeted computer. An infected USB flash drive is introduced to the computer. Once the malware is in the computer system, it scans for Siemens Step7 softwarethat controls the PLC. The presence of a person with the motive to spread the malware is, therefore, necessary.Neither Iran nor American spectators view Stuxnet as an profess of war. If it were to be considered an act of war, one of the countries would be immune to the effects of Stuxnet. Instea d, various countries puzzle been significantly affected and are at risk of more attacks. Even if the powerful nations have the ability to launch the attack, they do not have the ability to protect themselves from any malware that affects their

Healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor Essay

Healthc be up rectifyness is not in truth importantly about the rights of tolerants nor the duties of professionals. The main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare law are economic rather than jurisprudential. Discuss - Essay ExampleHowever, recently, it has been brought to the attention of some implicated parties how much economic factors affect healthcare legislation in the UK. They allege that healthcare legislation is flat being determined, not by patient rights, but by economic elements. This paper will establish how healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor the duties of professionals it will discuss how the main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare laws are economic rather than jurisprudential.Healthcare laws are passed with the special objective of protecting and advocating for the rights of the patient. In the healthcare sector, the patient is the vulnerable party his condition often makes him a party susceptible to the whims of th e healthcare system and the healthcare professionals. In order to neutralize this situation, healthcare laws are in place. These regulations cover rights such as informed consent, right to refuse treatment, right to confidentiality of medical breeding and such other similar rights. The right to informed consent has been discussed throughout the course as the right of the patient to be properly notified and clarified about the medical procedures that will be undertaken on his person. The risks of these procedures should be properly narrated to the patient in his language. The medical professional informing the patient should ensure that the patient has understood the medical procedures and all that these entail and imply. The right to refuse treatment in essence is about the patients choice and his right to refuse medical attention or to refuse medical procedures to be undertaken on his person. The right to confidentiality of medical information is about the right of the patient to be secure in the knowledge that what he reveals to the medical professional in confidence will be kept that focal point by the

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Article Analysis - adjudicate ExampleThe statistics are worrying because one would expect the teachers to take advantage of the computers and internet to ease the erudition process (Keengwe and Onchwari, 210). I, however, think there should be no cause for worry among parents concerning the adverse effects of applied science to their children. Teachers have the responsibility of monitoring how children use engineering to restrict it for educational purposes only.From the research conducted at the pass institute, it is devastating that teachers find it hard infusing instructional responsibilities with technology integration. I fail to understand why they mentation integration and instruction as two different entities. If both support each other in delivering content to the students, teachers should be willing to adopt them (Keengwe and Onchwari, 214-215). I think teachers are intellectuals who can integrate technology into classrooms to engage various learning styles that meet t he abilities of all learners. I concur with the authors that teachers need technological skills that do not necessarily make them experts (Keengwe and Onchwari, 215-216). Based on the authors recommendations, it is imperative that school administrators move swiftly in installing modern technological tools that aid educational software. Besides, state education officers should not only attain technological workshops, but also provide full-time technology experts to schools. The article, therefore, meets the authors goal of stimulating reflections and evaluating the need for technology integration in classrooms and, in particular, early childhood education.Keengwe, Jared, and Grace Onchwari. Technology and Early Childhood didactics A Technology Integration Professional Development Model for Practicing Teachers.Early Childhood Education daybook37 (2009) 209-18. Web. 2 June

QUALITIES AND ROLES OF A PRIMARY TEACHER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QUALITIES AND ROLES OF A PRIMARY TEACHER - Essay Exampleents with a sense of imagination, bandage ensuring that there is becoming discipline maintained in the classroom for the pupils to channel their enthusiasm and ideas productively. The teacher monitors the make headway of the pupils, while preparing them for their SATs (Standard Assessment Tasks). Thus, his/her role involves nurturing the students as well challenging them to build upon their learnt skills and acquire newer ones at the very(prenominal) time.This is no mean task and, for the teacher to ensure that s/he is able to fulfil it, the teacher must not only be able to build a repertoire with the pupils, but in addition with the pargonnts of the pupils. The teacher must, therefore, be patient and understanding with regards to the pupils as well as sympathetic when it comes to the parents of the pupils and their expectations. The teacher should overly be organised and disciplined, ensuring that the curriculum objective s are met in his/her lessons. S/he should be flexible luxuriant to allow his/her pupils to develop optimally with regard to their ages, abilities and individual aptitudes. Thus, s/he should be someone who house easily identify the strong as well as the weak points of the pupils, and work so that the strengths of the pupils are enhanced, and the weaknesses strengthened.I find that I am a good candidate for the task I generate been trained as a nursery nurse, having had the experience of working with children of various ages. I have acquired enough skills to be able to deal effectively with children as well as their parents. I have in like manner shadowed primary teachers many times, both previously in my home town and recently as well. Moreover, I have also worked for two weeks in a primary school. All these experiences have taught me a lot, and I feel up to the task of becoming a primary school teacher

Contemporary issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Contemporary issues in wariness - Essay ExampleGabriel (1995) posited that a terrain exists inside every organisation that is impossible to manage and it comprises employees as individuals and as groups engaged in various spontaneous and unsupervised activities. This gray area of an organisation is referred to unmanaged organisation. The author has depict the unmanaged organisation as a dream world within an organisation where emotions, anxieties and desires are expressed in the form of heightened irrational constructs. The author discussed that the major influence in this regard is fantasy while stories, myths, nicknames, jokes, graffiti and gossip form various landmarks. Gabriel (1995) also pointed that unmanaged space within an organisation is multidimensional, affluent in foothold of information. According to the author, besides being a privileged domain within the managed organisation, fantasy can be considered as a symbolic reorganising of various official practices of a fi rm in favour of esthetic pleasure that allows momentary supremacy of sen whilents over organisational rationality.Patient, Lawrence and Maitlis (2003) pointed that there are a number of reasons because of which researchers consider study as an ideal space for studying emotions as most individuals spend a lot of time and significant portion of their lives at workplace and integrate their energy and ambition therein. Frost and Robinson (1998) supported the authors by suggesting that contemporary workplaces are increasingly becoming stressful.

Reflection on Practice - Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

reproach on Practice - Portfolio - Essay Example, titled The Darkest Corners, details the grim conditions and human rights abuses faced by people who are committed to psychiatrical care against their will, even if they do not pose a demonstrable threat of harm to themselves or to others.Such individuals are denied the right to make decisions regarding their own fate, including admission, bolt, and treatment, CHRD said in an e-mailed statement. Forced medical treatment, violence, and mistreatment occur frequently.It said psychiatric care facilities frequently restrict or restrain patients from communicating with the outside world, including their relatives and lawyers, and assume that patients relatives have the right to direct their treatment, even if the person is still instead capable of thinking for themselves.Under the Chinese mental health system, patients have no right to unconditional reviews upon admission or during their time in psychiatric hospitals, and the judicial system is unwilling to handle cases brought by former psychiatric patients.The report cited the case of Fujian website editor Cheng Tianfu, who was reportedly kidnapped by a group of psychiatric healthcare workers in a van in January, 2008, while on his way to the train postal service to catch a train to Beijing.During his one-month detention in the hospital, Cheng was subjected to electric shocks and forcibly medicated, CHRD said. Only when Chengs family consented to his discharge was he allowed to leave the hospital.Chinas rapid economic growth and deepening social inequalities are ramping up show across the population, with urban white-collar workers, high-flyers, and young people all seeking psychological help in unprecedented numbers, mental health professionals say.Even the medically-based psychiatric profession was virtually nonexistent until well aft(prenominal) the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) had ended, and psychologists were almost unheard of until about a decade ago. Meanwhile, Wang Wanxing, founder of the

How different size of firms using financial hedging techniques such as Literature review

How different size of firms using financial hedgerow techniques such as Forwards, Futures, Options and Swaps to cook currency take a chance - Literature review ExampleThe topic generally emphasizes on the hedging techniques that is needful for managing the risk. While conducting international trade operations it has been observed that foreign convert plays an important and significant role. The techniques of hedging generally facilitates the firms that are active in the international market to reduce or minimize the characterisation towards the variation in the foreign supplant rate which could adversely and severely affect the value of the plus and profit margin of the business. With the presence and the existence of the derivative market it facilitates and assists the business in management of risk, arbitrement and speculation in the derivative as well as the spot market. The topic also emphasizes or deals with the various financial instruments such as the foreign currency debt and the derivative related to foreign exchange which helps in neutralizing the risk and the topic also highlights the various benefits and limitations of the management strategies of the various exchange rate risks.The designer Cowan in his study has emphasized on hedging the financial risk that is mainly faced by the large or the international companies is by hedging its risk by the financial product previous. The multinational companies generally prefer hedging through the foreign currency loans and the operational hedging. The anterior contract is mainly arranged and dealt by explaining and customizing the agreement or the deal that is carried out between the parties for fixing and determining the exchange rate for carrying out the transaction in future. The arrangement is conducted in such a way that it go out eliminate the risk related to foreign exchange. There are also disadvantages related to hedging with forward contract which is related or associated with fixing the amount at a future rate. Entering into the forward agreement or contract can be explained as the method of transferring or passing of the risk

Finding Reasons - The Story of an Hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

finding Reasons - The Story of an Hour - Essay ExampleAs Berkove mentioned, the baloney was first published in expressive style Magazine in 1894 (158), a time when women were still perceived as housekeepers, associated to the home rather than the innovative liberal women who have the freedom to compete for a job with men. This was a time when women who expressed themselves freely, do a mans job, hold offices or work along with men, were considered taboo. With such information, one would picture that the story reflects the very culture described above and would comprehend more clearly the symbolisms and statements used in the story. In the case of Berkoves article entitled Fatal Self-assertion in Kate Chopins The story of an Hour, the tone of the writer in his analysis seems to be seen through the eyes of one feeling at modern times. This could be fatal as there are norms and mores that could really affect the mentality, actions and perceptions of spate from different ages, cul tures, beliefs and education. For instance, he concludes that the story is not close to society or marriage but about Louise Mallard (berkove, 153). Sure, the story is about the protagonist nevertheless, she represents some, if not most of the women during that time. Since men were considered to be the breadwinners, they were expected to go out and work while women stayed in the home to do the household chores and attend to the needs of the men. This was the normal concept of men and womens roles and Brently and Louise Mallard conformed to such norms as a couple. Louise however was a char who did not agree with such patriarchal practices as expressed in her strongly made up mind that There would be no powerful will bending hers in

Educational Achievement Essay Example for Free

Educational Achievement EssayUsing material from Item A and elsewhere assess the view that social clan differences in educational achievement atomic number 18 the payoff of school bear ones such as labelling.Social class background has a powerful influence on a childs chances of success in the educational system, a child is often labeled from the first division of school found on stereotyped assumptions about their class background, in the society there be significant social class, gender and ethnic inequalities of educational achievement. Differences in cultural and material circumstances operational outside the school environment and processes that take place between working class and middle class students within the schools themselves which involve negative and positive labeling. near explanations of class differences in achievement focus on internal factors within school and the educational system. Interactionists wear taken this approach further, they have examine d the modal value in which labeling is linked to other processes within schools that leave behind in class differences in achievement, these processes include the self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the polarization into anti and pro-school savant subcultures as stated by Item A.The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes real simply by virtue of it having being made, which leads to a students underachievement. If teachers have moo expectations of definite children and communicate these expectations in their interaction, these children may develop a negative self-concept. They may come to see themselves as failures and give up trying, thereby fulfilling their original prophecy and leads to ones underachievement. Studies show that self-fulfilling prophecy is peculiarly less credibly to occur when children are streamed. Streaming involves separating children into different power groups or classes called streams. Each susceptibility group is taught separately f rom the other for all subjects. Howard Becker carried out an study and found that teachers judged pupils according to how closely they summateted an grasp of the ideal pupil, he found that teachers do not usually see working class children fit in that margin, they were often labelled as non-academic and difficult they tend to see them as lacking power and have low expectations of them.As a result working class children are more likely to find themselves put in a lower stream. Children in lower streams get the message that their teacher have written them of as no-hopers. Once a pupil is streamed it is much more difficult to convey up into a higher stream. This creates a self-fulfilling prophecy in which a student lives up to their teachers low expectations. By contrast middle class students tend to benefit from streaming. They are likely to be based in higher streams, reflecting teachers view of them as the ideal pupil. As a result they develop a more positive self-concept, gain c onfidence, work harder and improve their grades. Item A mentions about David Gillborn and Deborah Youdell study that examined the spot examined the role of educational policies in creating the context for such school processes to take place. Their study shows how schools use teachers notions of superpower to decide which pupils have the potential to achieve five GCSE A*-C. They found that working class and forbidding pupils are less likely to be perceived as having the potential, and are more likely to be placed in lover sets, and entered in lower GCSEs.This denies them the knowledge and opportunity needed to gain corking grades and so widens the class gap between working class and the middle class in achievement. Some people argue that the A*-C economy produces educational triage. However, Gillborn and Youdell put the labelling and streaming process into a wider context, they similarly link the triage system to the marketization policies within the educational system, such as league tables. As a result to the way that pupils have been labelled and streamed, students often appear into pupil subcultures. A number of studies have shown how pupil subcultures might play a part in creating class differences in achievement.Colin Laceys study displays the concepts of specialty and polarization to explain how pupil subcultures develop, He states that, differentiation is the process of teachers who categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability attitude and behavior, differentiation is also a form of streaming, since it categorizes pupils into separate classes. Polarization, on the other hand is the process in which students respond by moving towards one of the two opposite poles or extremes. To conclude, there are many different situations that children/students have to undergo, may it have a positive or negative encroachment on them in the future. As different sociologists have come up with theories that prove these certain situations, I too be lieve that social class differences do have an impact on educational achievement, the footing being it could internally/emotionally cause damage that other people arent aware of. The way a teacher treats its pupil due to their different social class is very wrong, and it should never have to happen.

University Admission Process in Chile Essay Example for Free

University Admission Process in Chile EssayLearning implies having had access to it, counting with quality books and teachers and being in an enviroment where culture is important. Therefore, what PSU does is to restrain poor students -who have abilities but did not have acces to knowledge-, from developping a professional course of high standards. In addition, PSU does not accomplish its main task, which is selecting the more qualified students to go to traditional universities. Because it does not messures abilities, nor skills. Just training. The ones who atomic number 18 good at memorizing and trained themselves correctly can have a high score. There argon schools (normally private schools) that dedicate exclusive time to prepare their students for this examination, leaving behind other important subjects. This shoes leads us to a third negative characteristic of our university admission process. In Chile exists the business of something alike to pre-colleges. Here, the ones who can afford these classes are taught the mechanism of PSU. And in concequence, they are the more prepared to take the exam than the ones who were not able to pay for extra lessons.ALTERNATIVE ADMISSION PROCESSES. One of the main achievements of oddment grades strike in our university was the posibility of having an alternative admission process, apart from PSU. Senior year students from schools with low cipher can be matriculated at University of Concepcion with only de minimum PSU score this university requires (475 or 500) and having had at least a 5 in their high school grades average. There is a quota of 56 students in 49 courses. Medicine, Law, Astronomy, Sociology, Psicology, taradiddle Teaching, among others.Another admission process in Chile is the pre-college system. It is found in several universities in the country. (de Santiago, Cardenal silva Henriquez, Alberto Hurtado, Tecnologica Metropolitana, Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacion y Catolica del Norte ) In University of Santiago, this programme started in 2007 with the support of UNESCO (united nacions. Educational, scientific and cultural organization). This system allowes students with the outmatch grade averages of low budget schools, be matriculated at this university.No PSU score required. After selecting the students, they take classes of Spanish, math and Cultural Management for five months. If the sudents attend all lessons, they get matriculated in college at the University of Santiago with a full scholarship. And afterwards, they are able to study a professional course at this university. CONCLUSION As we said before, our current university admission process helps to increase our social differences and discriminates students from low economic stratums.Thus, we realised the solutions we evoke will be useless unless there is a deep structural change in our educational system, and if we look further, a change in our society. However, we hope these alternatives get massi vely increased in the to the highest degree future. This way, the university access will be improved for the ones who really want to study regardless of their economic condition. So what we -common citizens students and teachers- must do, is get informed and communicate others about the problems that bother us. And take advantage of oportunities like last years strike to accomplish our aims and demands.

An argument in support of using abortion in extreme cases Essay Example for Free

An argument in gage of using miscarriage in extreme cases EssayAcross America, the topic of miscarriage is still approximatelything that is regarded as taboo to speak about. Even in forthwiths society where it is to a greater extent comm totally brought up, the fool surrounding the medical procedure has no g unitary away. Theres a rift surrounded by those who be pro- intent and pro-choice, and each group has their own evidenceing why or why not stillbirth should or should not be criminalized. The contr e rattlingwheresy about stillbirth is mainly grow in the pro-life group believing that a fetus has the same refines as a born electric razor and the m new(prenominal). This stems into our government as well, where we take staunch republi back tooths and democrats arguing back and forth over abortion. This also includes slew who be fantastically religious and suppose that it would go against Gods wishes, as humans ar made in his image. Those who be pro-choice suppose safe, legal abortions ar a right and should be a readily avail equal pickax to whatsoever womanhood who chooses to apply wiz, no matter the circumstance. still support should unquestionably be an option and that it should be a womans right whether or not to give rise one, and that she should be the only one to make that decision, not the government. There are any(prenominal) reasons why abortions should be an option, and some of those reasons are that they would help end surprise and unwanted pregnancy, end pregnancy that was caused by rape or incest, and help women who are not in a place to be able to support a shaver financially or otherwise. Abortion should be a viable option for women without having to like about government involvement, on the state or federal level, or the social stigma surrounding the procedure.Abortion is able to help end surprise pregnancy safely without going to extreme, sober lengths. Based on a survey, the percent of women who got a n abortion due to unintended pregnancy in 2008 was incredibly low, at under 5% (Finer, et al. 89). Those who beg While having sex, on that points no guarantee that safeguard leave be effective, as condoms do- nothing break and birth control does not promise to field 100% at the period. While the average break rate of condoms while universe used in a relationship is a mere 7.4% (Althaus 191), there is still that looming risk of it failing. On the other hand, birth control pills are roughly 91% effective, with in force(p) a 9% rate of failure (plannedparenthood.org). In the case of either of these contraceptives not working, the risk of pregnancy is high. When populate use contraceptives, they are typically difficult to avoid becoming pregnant at all costs, and when the methods of pr counterbalancetion fail and one becomes pregnant, it is going against their boilersuit plan. Especially when thought about teenagers or young adults, this bottomland cause a problem with the ir future day and goals. In 2014, 249,078 babies were born to women in the midst of the ages of 15 and 19 (CDC), and while the number is down pat(p) compared to previous years, its important to acknowledge that teenage pregnancy is still an issue more or less America. While some would argue that an ad hoc pregnancy is a miracle, it should be left up to the woman who is pregnant if she wants to keep the go bad or not. In the case that she doesnt, she should be able to produce to Planned Parenthood or another(prenominal) doctor to help assist her with an abortion without any worry about having to do it illegally. Those who argue that they applyt want their tax dollars going towards abortion dont really have anything to worry about. While Planned Parenthood receives around $500 million in public funding, none of it jackpot legally go towards funding abortions (Kliff). This is why Planned Parenthood and the idea of safe abortions are such a crucial element of the pro-choice mo vement. In the state of Florida, health plans cannot cover abortion costs, so if a woman wanted to quarter one, she would have to purchase a rider at an surplus cost (Jerman, et al). While abortions are not covered by health plans, Viagra is and that contributes to the rampant sexism that plagues the join States.In the most extreme cases, women who are raped or strained into an incestuous relationship should have an option to end the pregnancy. Even if a woman does not get raped and just experiences an unplanned pregnancy, she should have control over her body autonomy (Cohen). pro-lifers tend to forgo giving the mother any sort of value in regards to her interests and reasons why she would put up her fetus. They give the fetus rights precedence over the mothers (Cohen). If a woman gets raped and it results in an unwanted pregnancy, she should not be forced to operate the baby to full term. Some may argue that she should give birth and then just put the child up for betrothal , but in a society where so many children are already part of the adoption system, that would not be the most effective idea. In addition, making a woman carry a baby that is her rapists is unethical and detrimental to the womans mental, and possibly physical, health. incestuous relationships are not as common as rape, but should still be considered when discussing safe abortions. Chances are, a woman in an incestuous type of relationship would have been raped, which ties into how unethical it would be to have her give birth to the baby. Not only is there the risk of biological defects, but the woman would endure unconvincing amounts of stress. Forcing a woman to carry a baby after she was raped, either by a outlander or a family member, is torture. The woman would go through her pregnancy reliving the rape repeatedly, remembering the majestic event which would create extreme emotional trauma.Some women just are not capable of load-bearing(a) a child at the time they become preg nant, whether its accidental or purposeful. Different factors can contribute to why a woman cannot support a child, including the environment they are in. Over one in seven women are living in poverty in America (NWLC), and if a woman cannot properly support herself, she cannot provide for a child. If a girl is living in an abusive household, it would be unreasonable to bring a child into such an environment. If its an unsafe place for a woman, it would definitely be unsuitable for a child, let alone a baby. While the environment is a modify factor to why a woman cannot support a child, money is a big reason why as well. A woman is financially un stalls and can barely support herself, and she gets pregnant. If she cant support herself, she go away not be able to provide for a child. Despite there world an act that was passed to protect abused women, the Violence Against Women Act (Kandaswamy), it, unfortunately, doesnt put a return to domestic abuse across the country. It does, however, provide more shelters and services to protect women, which gives them another option diversion from abortion if they arent comfortable with receiving one. While some would suggest putting the child up for adoption in this scenario as well, most women would not want to go through the process of carrying a child and paying for doctors appointments if theyre not going to keep the child in the end. The adoption and sustain wield system in America has over 400,000 children in it (Argys, et al), and while some children get adopted pronto or even reunited with biological parents, many children are stuck in a never-ending cycle of foster families. Adoption, while a good idea to some, could be detrimental to the child in the long-run. If money is already an issue, the cost of being pregnant would take a toll on the girl throughout the lodge months.Abortion needs to be a safe option for women, no matter the circumstance of their pregnancy. By the government getting involved in a womans decision to get an abortion, or other people protesting to try and get Roe vs. Wade overturned, it presents a question of whether women have the right to do what they want with their bodies. In 2010, anti-abortion activists shifted their rhetoric from the federal government to state governments to force restrictions regarding abortion (Hopkins Tanne), even though 22 out of 50 states had some form of restrictions on the procedure. Most abortions that are performed are done within the first trimester, though there are statistics that say that about 13% of abortions in the United States are done during the second trimester (Boland). Interestingly, Florida abortion laws as of 2017 are more restrictive than many other states (Jerman, et al). Women can only receive abortions 24 weeks after their pop off period, and even then, they may only choose to get an abortion is their life is in danger (Jerman, et al). A womans life should not have to be endangered before the option of abor tion is presented to her. Those who believe that is unethical and butcher should think about repercussions of forcing a woman to carry a baby they do not want. Pro-life organizations believe it is not morally right to abort a baby, but by making a woman carry out a pregnancy against her will is just cruel, and by definition, unethical. Providing options for safe abortions for women should be included in health look at in all states, and unfortunately, thats not how it is. Using healthcare to back up why abortion should be dealt with better in America is a frequent argument, and seems to be the root of arguments on both sides of the topic.While more people are coming around to be accepting of abortion, there are still groups of people vehemently against it for one reason or another. A popular reason for disagreeing with the procedure is based on religious beliefs and support of a conventional family (Johnson, et al. 40). Despite claiming to be religious and in support of all lif e, their ideas fall short when they oppose abortion, as they could be potentially putting another human life at risk by absent to deny access to abortion. A good example of claiming to be saving lives, but in the panorama insideng the opposite, rests in a case from Kansas where an anti-abortion activist shot an abortion doctor (Tanne 285). The shooter, Scott Roeder, defended his actions in court by claiming he was really saving lives (Tanne 285). The doctor he shot happened to provide late-term abortions (Tanne 285) for those who needed it, and he was one of the only doctors in the country to provide that service, which creates a new problem of taking away soulfulness who could have saved lives. The idea that killing someone who was an abortion doctor saves lives in the end is nothing sort of ironic An interesting connection to this idea is that those who are at the highest level of moral thinking consider all lives to be special and worth saving, but those who neglect to realize that abortion can save someones life fall out from that theory of moral cognitive thinking. That being said, laws restricting abortion are not on a national, federal level but earlier on a state by state basis (Tanne 1051), which leaves room for people to protest abortion easier than if it was strictly at a federal level.For many anti-abortion activists, they prohibit abortion because they hold the belief that a baby starts at conception, and that a fetus can feel pain (Tanne 1051). In order to get their resumes out there, often anti-abortionists will resort to violence. The type of violent acts committed range from arson to bombings and butyric acid attacks (Jacobson, et al. 189). This violent rhetoric they hold has some irony to it considering they yell about how all lives are important, and then they turn and cause loss of life by committing these terrorist acts (Jacobson, et al. 190). In addition to the loss of some life, the attacks caused property damage, the need for more security around the abortion clinics that were attacked, and increased stress on those who worked at the clinics (Jacobson, et al. 190). While those who participate in the violent acts feel like theyre in the right because theyre fighting for a cause they care about, they are really just causing terror and tearing down havoc around cities.Anti-abortion in the United States has been an ongoing issue for a long time now, and recently the Trump administration have begun working on cutting back support of the UN and the World wellness Organization (Vogel 287). The first and possibly biggest problem that arose with this bill is that it brought back a Reagan-era policy that bans nongovernmental organizations that are funded by the United States from providing abortions, informational, referrals, or even advocating for more liberal abortion laws in whichever country the NGOs are in (Vogel 287). Its been brought back into action throughout every Republican administration since it was init iated when Reagan was in office, and its cognise as a Global Gag Rule. America deciding to revoke funding means that nongovernmental organizations will lose between 8 and 9 billion dollars worth of their funds (Vogel 287). Despite abortion being left on a state to state basis here in the States, the country will now not help other countries that are in need of help of abortion access. The last time this overshadow was implemented, more than 20 developing countries lost all access to contraceptives, which in turn led to higher abortion rates (Vogel 287). In addition to losing contraceptives, this rule also causes health care services to be completely shut down and cut off in some areas, consequence all citizens lost their health care (Vogel 287). As of this moment it isnt known how much the rule will alter other countries now, but over time the effects will be seen, whether in lack of access to contraceptives again or having women turn towards unsafe methods to receive an abortio n.As far as social paradigms go, the abortion conflict aligns most with the ideas of functionalism and symbolic interactionism (Keirns). Abortion and symbolic interactionism go hand in hand, as that social paradigm is viewed on a micro level, and abortion happens to only affect certain(a) groups of people. adept way abortion can be looked at through this lens is by tone at the anti-abortion groups, such as the religious ones and general pro-life crusaders, and examining their views. Peoples views are mold by interactions with other, not counting socialization that they may have experienced growing up. Those who are pro-life are passionate and adamant that the fetus developing is a human and deserves rights of its own, while those who are pro-choice argue that the woman who is carrying the fetus should have the decision to terminate her pregnancy if she so chooses. The conflict between these two groups of people could also align with the conflict theory, however, it doesnt happen within all of society, which makes abortion better suited for micro theories as opposed to macro. The idea of people who are against abortion and believe that women should carry the baby whether or not she wants it is rooted in sexism, as it reduces a woman down to a baby-carrying stereotype while also neglecting her opinion on the situation.From a structural functionalist point of view (Keirns), those who subscribe to that sociological paradigm could view abortion as something that is negative for family, as the family is viewed as the midst of society. This theory is a macro-level theory, which differentiates it from the symbolic interactionist view of abortion, as functionalists would look how abortion works throughout the constitutional society. To some degree, a functionalist could be pro-choice, if only looking at the potential benefits it could have for society, although, as the family is primordial to this paradigm, this isnt as likely as a pro-life functionalist. Functi onalism and abortion dont go as well together as symbolic interactionism do, but functionalists could examine abortion as a way of gauging if a family is no longer the center of society or not.Speaking generally, other sociological ideas that surround the abortion debate include poverty, gender, and culture (Keirns). Poverty is involved when thinking about abortion as it affects so many people, and if someone cannot afford to raise a child, they may turn to abortion as an option or get help from Planned Parenthood. The entire abortion problem is rooted in gender (Keirns), as it is predominantly a womans problem, and gender plays a big(a) role in why some are anti-abortion. As stated earlier, many people believe in the notion that a woman should carry a baby no matter the circumstances. In addition to that, women are often shamed for getting abortions and are called derogatory slurs in the process. Whenever that happens, sexism is brought to the forefront of peoples arguments, as ca lling women by slurs is once again rooted in sexism. When women do get abortions for whatever reason, they could be considered deviant in some eyes, as she is straying away from the norm some people hold about keeping the child. Finally, culture also plays a role in abortions, as culture influences everything around the world. In the United States, there is a divided culture over abortions, and theres still a taboo surrounding converseing about it sometimes. While it is more openly discussed in modern times, the taboo is still there, which is why some people are uncomfortable to talk about such a thing.While it is still considered controversial to speak about in todays society, abortion should be a topic thats freely discussed and improved upon as time goes on. Providing safe abortions for women across the country ensures that they can end surprise pregnancies, not be forced to carry a baby as a result of rape or incest, and give women an option if they are not able to support a ch ild. This debate has gone on for decades now, and there is a very harsh divide between those for and against the medical procedure. Both those who oppose abortion and those who are outspoken advocates of it have strong opinions that frequently clash together. With the current way the countrys politics are, it appears more and more people are being outspoken about their view of it, whether its pro-choice or pro-life. In the past few months, there have been marches for and against abortion, and its clear that the American people are passionate about this hot topic. From a sociological perspective, the interactions between the pro-life and pro-choice seem to be increasing as new generations emerge and form their own ideas on the topic of abortion. Culture continues to affect abortion, and as time goes on, the abortion fight will continue on with the development of society, whether for worse or for better. However, in the end, it should be a woman to decide on what to do with her body, and not the government, or other Americans.Works CitedAbout Teen maternalism.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Apr. 2016. Web. 15 Mar. 2017.Althaus, F. debate Finds Low Condom Breakage Rate, Ties Most Slippage to Improper Use.Family Planning Perspectives, vol. 24, no. 4, Jul/Aug92, pp. 191-192. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=9212211758site=ehost-live. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Argys, Laura, and Brian Duncan. Economic Incentives and Foster Child Adoption.Demography, vol. 50, no. 3, 2013, pp. 933954., www.jstor.org/stable/42919906. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.Boland, Reed. Second Trimester Abortion Laws Globally Actuality, Trends, and Recommendations. reproductive Health Matters, vol. 18, no. 36, 2010, pp. 6789., www.jstor.org/stable/25767363. Web. 11 Mar. 2017.Cohen, I. Glenn. Are All Abortions Equal? Should There Be Exceptions to the Criminalization of Abortion for Rape and Inc est?.Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, vol. 43, no. 1, Spring2015, pp. 87-104. EBSCOhost, doi10.1111/jlme.12198. Web. 14 Mar. 17.Finer, Lawrence B., and Kathryn Kost. Unintended Pregnancy Rates at the State Level.Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, vol. 43, no. 2, 2011, pp. 7887., www.jstor.org/stable/23048865. Web. 11 Mar. 2017Jacobson, Mireille, and Heather Royer. Aftershocks The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services.American Economic Journal Applied Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, 2011, pp. 189223., www.jstor.org/stable/25760251. Web. 16 April 17.Johnson, Stephen D., and Joseph B. Tamney. Factors Related to Inconsistent Life-Views.Review of Religious Research, vol. 30, no. 1, 1988, pp. 4046., www.jstor.org/stable/3511839. Web. 15 April 17.Jones RK and Jerman J, Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2014,Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2017, 49(1), doi10.1363/psrh.12015. Web. 15 Mar. 2017.Kandaswamy, Priya. You Trade in a Man For the Man Domestic Violence and the U. S. Welfare State.American Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 2, 2010, pp. 253277., www.jstor.org/stable/40664735. Web. 15 Mar. 2017.Keirns, Nathan J., et al.Introduction to Sociology 2e. Houston, TX, OpenStax College, Rice University, 2015.Kliff, S. 2015. A Government Shutdown Fight is Brewing. This One is Over Planned Parenthood. Vox, September 10.NWLC Analysis of 2014 Census Poverty Data.NWLC. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.Planned Parenthood quarrel Revives Abortion Debate.Penn Bioethics Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, Fall2015, p. 7. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=117725282site=ehost-live. Web. 15 Mar. 2017.Parenthood, Planned. What Is the Effectiveness of fork over Control Pills?What Is the Effectiveness of Birth Control Pills?N.p., 27 Dec. 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.Tanne, Janice Hopkins. Killer of Kansas Abortion Doctor Is Convicted of Murder.BMJ British Medical Journal, vol. 340, no. 7 741, 2010, pp. 285285., www.jstor.org/stable/25673930. Web. 17 April 17.Tanne, Janice Hopkins. US Anti-Abortion Activists Use State Laws to Reduce Access.BMJ British Medical Journal, vol. 340, no. 7755, 2010, pp. 10511051., www.jstor.org/stable/40702011. Web. 15 Mar. 2017.Vogel, Lauren. US Anti-UN, Anti-Abortion Orders Threaten Global Health.CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 189, no. 7, 21 Feb. 2017, pp. E287-E288. EBSCOhost, doi10.1503/cmaj.1095390. Web. 16 April 17.Yung, Corey Rayburn. How to Lie with Rape Statistics Americas Hidden Rape Crisis.Iowa Law Review, vol. 99, no. 3, Mar. 2014, pp. 1197-1256. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=94993552site=ehost-live. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

Issues Analysis- Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Issues Analysis- endemical batch EssayAs the British arrived on the landed estate of the aboriginal wad they hoped to absorb the aboriginal battalion into their culture to work in the new colony. The aboriginal sight tried to invalidate the denouncetlers but as the land became more occupied contact became unavoidable. Governor Phillip wanted to avoid all unnecessary fighting so he treated the aboriginal people with kindness and ordered his soldiers not to shoot any of them. He captured many aboriginals and one of them was Bennelong. He wanted them to learn English and act as translators amid the Indigenous groups and the British.There were clashes over the land and culture of keys and the British. Phillip ignorantly ordered his soldiers to fire at the Aboriginal people as he has already tried to civilise them and assimilate them into the British culture and society was not working as he had hoped. The Aboriginal peoples saw that the British settlers were putting up fences elucidation the land, restricting access and introducing different animals so they started to think that the British were invading, this lead to retaliation from the Aboriginals.By 1797, attitudes and indemnity toward the Indigenous peoples had changed. No longer did the government decide to assimilate the Indigenous peoples, but rather gravel a new policy and that was to keep them out. In 1800 Governor King had reported to the British government the number of Aboriginal people killed in fighting was far greater than the number of British people killed. The common response from the government to the Aboriginal resistance was to send expeditions of solders to punish any groups that endanger settlers and farms.These soldiers hunted and killed groups of Indigenous people that were thought to have been stealing stock, food and generally harassing the settlers. Government instructions after 1800 were to fire at all indigenous peoples until they were far away from British settl ements. As the British settlement gotten bigger, the Indigenous peoples lost more and more of their land and many of their family members. They became more reliant on the British settlers to provide them food, shelter and piss.As their handed-down manner was slowly eroding, many Aboriginal people started living on the outskirts of towns or started working as servants or slaves for the British settlements. The inability for the Aboriginal people to succeed in this era it caused a change in the European view of the time, that Indigenous peoples were inferior, and were uneffective to look after themselves or the land. However not all contact was violent with the British settlers and the Aboriginal people. At times there was friendly contact and peace. Some Aboriginal peoples voluntarily became part of the British society.There is also plenty of evidence that groups of Indigenous peoples helped Europeans when they were in trouble and this was quite often, as life for British settler s was extremely hard in the early years of the colony. British colonisation of Australian started in Sydney in 1788. The rapidly occurring consequences within weeks of the first colonists arrival was a wave of European epidemic diseases much(prenominal) as smallpox, chickenpox, influenza and measles. These diseases affected the largest population densities where these diseases could spread easier.The next consequence of British settlement was water resources and the management of land. The settlers viewed Indigenous Australians as Nomads with no civilised concept of land ownership, who could be charged from the land wanted for farming. The aboriginals would easily migrate elsewhere. The impact on the aboriginals was fatal as there was loss of traditional lands, water resources and food sources, as the communities were affected by European diseases. The spiritual and cultural cohesion and social welfare was affected because of the communities being forced away from the traditional areas.The settlers brought sexually transmitted diseases, and indigenous Australians had no leeway and therefore greatly reduced fertility and birth-rates. Settlers were responsible for introducing the alcohol, opium and tobacco, and substance abuse has remained a huge fuss for Indigenous communities. The result of disease, loss of land and violence reduced the Aboriginal population by an estimated 90% between 1788 and1900. Smallpox alone killed more than 50% of the Aboriginal population. Up to 3000 white people were killed by Indigenous Australians in the frontier violence. intimately Indigenous people became a significant source of labour. Most of the work was unpaid, instead they survived on the rations that the workers received such as forms of food, clothing ad other elemental necessities. In many areas of Australia Christian missions donated food and clothing for the indigenous people and opened schools and orphanages for Indigenous children. In some places of Australia colo nial governments provided some resources. In 1914 around 1200 Aboriginal people answered the call to arms as the war was desperate for new recruits.Many Indigenous people claimed they were Indian or cook islanders to avoid the laws of no indigenous people being in the defence force. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_AustraliansThe_impact_of_British_settlement There are many wellness promoting strategies today such as Two Ways Together NSW Aboriginal Affairs Plan 2003-2012, COAG Agreement, they set six gaps for closing the disadvantage gap between the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, CEO performance agreements. Resetting the kinship with Indigenous Australians is important and this partnership must be respectful.It takes both parties to make a difference. Recent search by Reconciliation Australia indicates that Australians have a strong desire to better understand the Indigenous peoples. Acknowledging Indigenous disadvantage is a national responsibility that will require the engagement of the Australian Community. The government has move to working in partnership with Indigenous Australians, businesses, state and territory governments and community organisations. http//www. skwirk. com. au/p-c_s-56_u-415_t-1040_c-4006/british-aboriginal-relations-1788-1820/qld/sose-history/first-australians-and-the-european-arrivals/settlement-1788-1850.

Quezon City Essay Example for Free

Quezon City EssayPizza sea chantey is now more than just a pizza pie pie place. It offers a unique casual dining watch that is different from the usual fast-food environment. The casual dining restaurant now has an expanded pizza menu, appetizers such as ribs and a new line of desserts, soup options, smoothies, a variety of pasta dishes and a whole fortune more. Veering away from plastic and tiles typical of fast-food joints of old, Pizza Hut now has a very classy, casual-dining intuitive feeling with sleek wooden furniture, warm, ambient lighting, and a touch of whimsy dominating the whole interior. With the new ambiance come more customer interaction and service that is made doubly fast and extra friendly. Philippine Pizza Inc. , the franchise owner and operator of Pizza Hut, has over 150 restaurants, here in the Philippines since it began in 1984. Its locations are strategically located from Ilocos Norte to Mindanao are now the countrys most popular pizza restaurant, with its dine-in restaurants, delivery units and express counters. For the more discerning food enthusiast, theres Pizza Hut Bistro.A breakthrough concept in dining, Pizza Hut Bistro concept offers the best of casual dining, giving you the find oneself to enjoy the best Italian-American, along with classy ambience and first class service. The history of the best pizza and the largest chain of pizza restaurants in the world began in 1958, with the vision and the passion of two brothers, from Wichita, Kansas. Being students, they had to relieve $600 from their mother to open a tiny pizza restaurant the very first Pizza Hut. 50 years later, with more than 12,000 restaurants in more than 90 countries, Pizza Hut is the first choice for pizza lovers and still remains true to its founding beliefs that because we love pizza and care about our customers, we have a responsibility to offer great products and service. * Their Goal is to Reach 85% recognition of the new Product in their targ et market. * As with all businesses, the most important goal of a Company is to increase tax and profits * Customer satisfaction is for most. * Practice what they preach Integrity, Ethics and Open Communication.FACILITIES Air Conditioning noble Chairs Childrens Menu As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase tax revenue and profits. * Customer satisfaction is for most. * Practice what we preach integrity, ethics and open communication ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Jorge Araneta (C. E. O) Lars Peterson (C. O. O) Edwin G. Nava (VP-Operation) sexy Venezuela (Area Coach) Mary Anne Reyes (Restaurant General Manager) Nerisa Musa Leomar Miranda Wilma Pascual (Local Store Marketing manager)(Inventory Manager) (Training Manager) DEPARTMENT Dining.

Tribes in India Essay Example for Free

Tribes in India EssayIndia is the home to large number of autochthonic hatful, who argon becalm untouched by the lifestyle of the modern world. With more than 84.4 million, India has the largest population of the tribal people in the world. These tribal people also known as the adivasis are the poorest in the country, who are still dependent on haunting , agriculture and fishing. Some of the major tribal groups in India include Gonds, Santhals, Khasis, Angamis, Bhils, Bhutias and commodious Andamanese. All these tribal people keep back their own culture, tradition, language and lifestyle. This enables the tourist to get an insight into some(prenominal) different cultures at the same time on the tribal tour to India.Santhal phratrysSanthals are the third largest phratry in India. They are mostly found in the stirs of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam. They belong to the pre- Aryan period and have been the great fighters from the time of Britishers.MundaMund a tribe in the first place inhabit in the region of Jharkhand, although they are well open in the states of West Bengal, Chhatisgarh, Orissa and Bihar. Munda generally means headman of the village. Hunting is the main occupation of the Mundas tribe.KhasiKhasi tribe is mainly found in the Khasi Jaintia hills in Meghalaya and in the states of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir. They forms the large part of the population in the state of Meghalaya AngamiAngami tribe belongs to the extreme north eastern part of the country, in the state of Nagaland. The total population of the Angamis is roughly 12 million. They are quite popular their woodcraft and artwork. Sekrenyi is the main festival celebrated among the Angamis in Nagaland.BhilsBhils are popularly known as the bow men of Rajasthan. They are the most widely distributed tribal groups in India. They forms the largest tribe of the whole South Asia. Bhils are mainly divided into two main groups thecentr al or nice bills and eastern or Rajput Bhils.BhutiaBhutia tribes are of the Tibetan origin. They migrated to Sikkim around 16th century. In the northern part of the Sikkim they are known as the Lachenpas and Lachungpas. Bhutias forms 14% of the total population of Sikkim. Losar and Losoong are the main festivals celebrated tribe.

bpo management system Essay Example for Free

bpo plowment scheme Essay1. Introduction1.1 PurposeThis document describes the high level intent for the chart/EORS Intranet Mapping activity and the comprise mesh Mapping Application. The purpose of this design is to come out the high-ranking technical approach to meeting the requirements defined in system requirements specification. This service of processs to identify the architecture of the system and high-level interactions in the midst of major system comp wiznts.1.2 ObjectivesIdentify and describe the softw ar architecture for the system. Providehigh-level approaches to respective(a) technical ch bothenges. Provide a guide for future development efforts, such as fine design and coding. 1.3 ScopeThis high level design encompasses the approach for meeting the requirements as defined in the documents graph/EORS Intranet Mapping musical arrangement es directial Specification and graph meshwork Mapping System Requirement Specification.2. System Architecture2. 1 OverviewThe following diagram shows the system architecture wontd by graph routine occupations.The system design utilizes vane base multi- gradation system architecture. The selective breeding storage is managed at the info tier by the entropybases. The primary(prenominal) business logics are hosted in the deuce industriousnesss in the nett master of ceremonies. Because correspondping is an athletic field that there are m either requirements associate to client side interactions with the graphic content of the application, application logics are partitioned establish on the about appropriate location to execute them. Some are located on the client web web browsers to endure instantaneous feed buttocks to the drug substance abuser.The general system operation flow involves the following1. Data updates from various sources such as the chart II CORBA takingss, EORS data inputs, gubbins and event editing facultys are stored in the databases.2. When a subroutine application receives a symboliseping request, it sends the discover symbolise generation request to the ArcIMS function master of ceremonies. The ArcIMS boniface convalesces the act data from the databases and creates a rendering of the role and saves it as a raster image file. The subroutine application generates HTML pages embedded with the image and sends it to the browser client.3. For the chart Intranet interpret client, the application also generates the energising content in VML format, which encodes the plait and event education in vector format. This enables the application to update the fighting(a) data without having to re bill the whole interpret image. This avoids the heavy weight on the constitute emcee when the application eggshells up.4. When the images and VMLdata arrives at the client browser, the client exhibits the map to the user. The user flowerpot interact with this data on the client.2.2 SQL horde and ArcSDEArcSDE from ESRI anyows mana ging of geographic information in commercial databases such as SQL Server, Oracle, DB2 and Informix. ArcSDE provides functionalities to efficiently store and think spacial information use spacial indexing tools. ArcSDE provides a set of API and administrative utilities that help manage the spatial data storage. For the chart mapping systems, the combination of ArcSDE and SQL Server manages the spatial information in the relational database. ArcSDE adds spatial functionalities without disrupting standard SQL database capabilities.2.3 Map Server (ArcIMS)ArcIMS admits a few components that forget play important roles in the map mapping application. The workhorse component that processes the data and generates maps is the spatial horde. Managing the spatial servers is the ArcIMS Application Server, which monitors each spatial servers activity and brokers map requests to the least(prenominal) busy spatial server.The detailed interaction of a map request is as the followingWhen the ASP.Net page receives a map request, it parses it and uses the ActiveX Connector object model to produce a map request. The connector then sends the map request in ArcXML format to the Application Server. The Application Server then finds the least busy spatial server and forwards the map request to it. The spatial server performs the query against the ArcSDE database, retrieves the data and renders them into a raster image file. The location of the file is then sent back to the connector and the ASP.Net page writes it back to the client as HTML page with the image embedded in it.2.4 Web Server (IIS) .Net textile and ASP.NetThe electronic network server hosts and publishes content to the client browser. In the show window of the CHART mapping applications, most of the content is dynamic content generated by ASP.Net modules. When IIS recognizes a page being anASP.Net module (an aspx extension), it passes the request to the .Net Framework to gist the module and handle the r equest. The ASP.Net pages are then loaded into memory and executed. The .Net Framework provides many utilities such as garbage collection, tracing, just-in- clock time compilation that manages the execution of ASP.Net modules. The ASP.Net page modules are where the CHART mapping application logic is coded.The web server also provides security via the Secured Socket level (SSL), allowing interactions surrounded by the users browser and the web server to be encrypted when necessary.2.5 Security2.5.1 Ne twork Level SecurityNetwork bed security go out be managed by the network security mannikins worry firewall and RSA secure ID.2.5.2 Secured Socket Layer (SSL)MDOT has a certificate server to provide digital certificates for the SSL configuration. The server name must remain coherent with the certificate. every links shall use the alike server name, former(a)wise, if the server is referred using an IP address or a local server name, etc., the user get out see an alert indicating the certificate is in-consistent with the resource. IIS supports the configuration of one leaflet in the web application requiring SSL while other portion does not. The session information remains consistent between SSL portion of the web situate and the non-SSL portion.2.5.3 Enterprise exploiter Enters Read-Only ViewMany of the CHART mapping functionalities are for display and reviewing data, i.e. a read- further view. The design allows assentprise viewers and CHART users to access the read-only portion of the web target without having to input user name and password. This also enables CHART users to reach the viewing area without having to enter their login information again.When system receives a user request to enter the secured area, the system checks whether the current session has been authenticated. If not, system displays login privateness. The user shall enter their CHART user name and password. Upon receipt of the user name and password, the system checks itagainst the CHART II databases user tables. If they are authenticated, the system stores the user information in the session. The session leave be managed in the server until the configured timeout expires. All subsequent requests from the homogeneous user session get out inherit the same authorization information for the user.2.5.4 CHART User Enters Editing AreaOther applications, like future versions of CHART II and CHART Lite, push aside launch the map editing URL via the HTTPS protocol. The user name and password bottom of the inning be sent via https request. The system verifies their corroboration information against the CHART II user database using an OLEDB/ODBC connection. If the authentication information is correct, the system testament store this information in the session. The user will be redirected to the map page. If the authentication is rejected, the user request will be redirected to the login secrete to reenter the authentication information.Associating a CHART u ser with an op-center/default map view area Based on CHART II R1B3 database design, users are not associated with an op-center rather, the user specifies an op-center during logon. In order to display a default map view area based on an op-center, an external application launching the CHART mapping application will also conduct to pass in the operation center name to initialize the map to the associated extent.Passing user name and password in URL requestThe mapping send shall take on a module that verifies the user name and password, then forward the page to the map page, hence avoiding showing the password on URL address box. At the current time, without the full integration with CHART II and CHART Lite, the system will expect plain text user name and password. In the future, an encryption/decryption algorithms agreed between the systems can be added to achieve higher security.2.5.5 EORS SecurityCurrently, the EORS security has not been implemented. EORS functions will behard- coded with security configuration.3. Network ConfigurationThe design above depicts CHART network configuration as the Internal network, a Demilitarization Zone (demilitarized zone) network for hosting the web server and connecting out to the external Internet network.There will be two firewalls, one between the Internet and the DMZ network and another(prenominal) one between the DMZ network and the internal network. The map server and database servers are to be hosted in the internal network for maximum security. The initial configuration calls for two physical computers to host the map servers and database servers. In the future, if the system needs to scale up, additional physical servers can be added. The Intranet web server can optionally be hosted on the load-balanced virtual server too.3.1.1 Map Server Load matchThe design achieves load balancing by a combination of Windows 2000 Advanced Server Network Load balance (NLB) divine service and the ArcIMS Application Server. The system utilizes two physical server computers. The two servers are configured with NLB. NLB deeds on the TCP/IP level. Any incoming traffic from web server to the virtual server IP address is load balanced between the two application servers by NLB. ArcIMS Application Server operates at the application level, monitoring each spatial servers load and operation. When a spatial server is busy, it directs the map request to idling spatial server(s).Each physical map server hosts one ArcIMS Application Server and two ArcIMS spacial Server instances. An application server failure forces NLB to direct bran- impertinent connections to the remaining application server. When the failed server is recalled, new client connections should once again be shared between the two servers. The two spatial server instances are cross registered to the application servers. As shown in the diagram, spacial Server A1 and A2 are registered to Application Server B and A correspondingly. This arrangement masters that when a spatial server is down, the application server can stillutilize the spatial server from the other server to serve the map request and the application server cover up to function. Also, this configuration also allows ArcIMS to load balance at the Spatial Server level as opposed to just the network traffic level, which is what NLB provides. This configuration can withstand an Application Server failure, a Spatial Server failure, a simultaneous Application/Spatial Server failure or hardware failure of one of the physical map servers. utilize two map servers with network load balancing should provide high- approachability load balanced ArcIMS web site.3.1.2 Database Load BalancingBy absorbning two SQL Server and ArcSDE instances with NLB to balance the load, the system can achieve high accessibility at the database server layer. The database servers are completely independent and share no hardware components. This type of availability is achievable with the stan dard edition of SQL Server.The two database servers are frame-up with Transactional reverberation. One of the two SQL Servers is configured as the newspaper publisher and the other one as a subscriber. All the data modification such as insert, delete and update will be performed on the publisher and changes are replicated to the subscriber. Transactional replication can provide very low latency to Subscribers. Subscribers receiving data using a push subscription usually receive changes from the paper within one minute or sooner, provided that the network link and adequate processing resources are on tap(predicate) (latency of a few seconds can often be achieved).When the web server and map server requests use the virtual IP address on the load-balanced collection of database servers, they are directed to the database server with the least add up of load. If one of the database servers goes down due to hardware failure, NLB detects that this server is down and no longer directs database requests to this apparatus. The remaining machine handles the database requests and apart from a slight drop in performance the users are unaware that a database server has failed. When the hardware is fixed the offending machine can be brought back online.One terminus ad quem exists for this design. It happens when the publisher database is down. In this situation the data updates cannot be committed until the publisher database comes back. But at the same time, all read access from the Internet and Intranet server could still be directed to the secondary server. In the case when the publisher data is going to be down for extended time period, system configuration need to allow system administrator to change the configuration so that the replica will serve as the main database. Compared with clustering solution, this system design provides the maximum database availability and performance benefit.The databases that need to be replicated would include1. Background map dat abase.Background map data does not change often. A snapshot replication is sufficient for replicating data updates in one database to the other.2. CHART/EORS Spatial DatabaseCHART/EORS spatial database stores CHART and EORS whatchamacallum and event information with spatial data. They are dynamically updated throughout the day. Transactional replication will be setup to ensure that data change in one database gets replicated to the other one.3. SDE metadata.In general, the system can continue to provide access of map and data to both the Internet and Intranet users in the case of failure of any one component in the system. The only exception is that when the publisher database is down, the new data cannot be updated into the system. Users will get delayed information.3.1.3 DMZ ConfigurationCHART is currently implementing a Demilitarization Zone (DMZ) network to erect the network security. This entails creating a state network for the web server computer(s) and separating it from the internal network with a firewall.In an ideal world, the DMZ would have no physical connection to the internal network. This would require two separate map server setups to serve theInternet and Intranet users. The recommended way to implement is to disallow any access from the DMZ to the internal network, but allow access from the internal network to the DMZ. In other words, allow out-bound connections. On each of the ArcIMS server computers, mount a network drive to a shared drive on the Web server. Each ArcIMS spatial server would write the output raster image files to the location on the web server to be delivered to the Internet client browsers.4. Database OrganizationTo reduce the dependency and operation interference between the spatial data and the attribute data, the EORS spatial database and CHART spatial database will be created as two SQL Server databases. To reduce the performance overhead when joining data between the spatial and attribute data, the EORS spatial dat abase will reside on the same database server(s) as the EORS database.5. Technical Challenges5.1 Map Display MechanismCHART Intranet mapping application requires that changes in event and device data be reflected on all map clients in a near-real-time fashion (within 5 seconds). To do so via the traditional raster map publishing mechanism will result in all clients retrieving updated map every 5 seconds or at least when event/device status update requires a new map to be generated. When there is monolithic number of users of the system, it will result in a high map server load in a concentrated short time period.To resolve this issue, the project team reviewed various technical approaches and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages as the following5.1.1 Raster (JPEG, GIF or PNG) ImageThis is a popular approach that utilizes the basic image display functionality of web browsers. It utilizes the server processing power efficiently. The disadvantages are that the images have lim ited client side intelligence, leaving most of the computation concentrated on the server. Its capability of handling large number of concurrent map requests is limited. Generally, one map server can support 4-8 requests per second. ForCHARTs situation, when an event changes status, if a new map image needs to be generated, it would be about 40 requests per second (200 users at 5 second update interval). Many servers will be required to support the load.With the endorse fee mired with using GIF format, we will not use GIF for map publishing. Compared with JPG format, PNG graphics do not have the haemorrhage effect inherent with the JPEG compression algorithm. With the map displaying lines rather than continuous tone images, it is much cleaner. PNG also results in a smaller file, which translates into faster download times for client. The only JPG advantage is server side image generation times. It is recommended to utilize PNG for the Intranet application to produce highest quali ty images for standardized IE browser while utilizing JPG for the Internet to allow for support of as many browsers as possible. Also, the reduction in image processing time should deliver better web image generation performance.5.1.2 XML Based sender Graphics5.1.2.1 Vector Markup delivery (VML)VML is a XML based W3C standard in describing vector graphics. Basically, it encodes the vector coordinates of points, lines and polygons in XML format. The support of VML is included in Internet Explorer 5.0 and later. There is no download needed to display VML encoded vector graphics. It also has build in support for style sheet and scripting. This makes it possible to modify the display properties and positions of the vector graphics using the JavaScript on the client-side browser. Using this functionality, we can dynamically update the display of devices and events.5.1.2.2 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)Scalable Vector Graphics is another XML-based W3C standard format for vector graphic s. Compared with VML, it requires Java or ActiveX based plug-in to be displayed. Also, based on review of the plug-ins (SVG beauty by Adobe), there is not as much support for scripting as for VML.5.1.3 ArcIMS Java ViewerArcIMS includes a Java Viewer, which provides a Java Applet that can becustomized to a legitimate extent to display vector encoded GIS data on the client side. It requires a download to the client. The Java Viewer reads vector data from ArcIMS swash server encoded using an ESRI proprietary compression format, which makes it difficult to implement especial(a) features such as WSMS offsetted road networks because they need to be offset dynamically based on map scale.5.1.4 MapObjects JavaMapObjects Java from ESRI provides a set of Java-based objects for GIS functionalities. It has an extensive set of functionality that can satisfy the requirements. But, it requires a license fee of $100/seat, or comparable server-based licensing. It also requires a download to client machine to run it.5.1.5 SummaryBased on the research above, the project team recommends the following design Use raster map for background map display (background data with SHA grid map are often large amount of money of data, suitable for server side processing) Use XML data format to transport the device and event data from server to browser client. Use JavaScript to create and update the VML vector data elements to display the dynamic layers including all the CHART/EORS devices and events.The diagram above illustrates the map display mechanism1. Map server reads the spatial data from background database and sends the published map image to the client browser to be displayed as background.2. Device and event information is commited from the CHART II system in the form of CORBA events.3. CORBA event listener receives the event broadcast and saves the data into CHART spatial database.4. CHART/EORS device and event data are published in XML format to the client. Client browser par ses the XML into a XML Document Object Model (DOM) using the XML parser.5. The client browser then iterate through the DOM tree structure and create corresponding VML elements based on the XML device and event data. The VML elements are displayed on the top of the background raster map image. 6. At a pre-configured interval, the browser client retrieves update of device and event data from the IIS server in XML format and update the VML displaybased on the updated information.5.2 Automated Refresh of Device and resolution DataCHART/EORS device and event information needs to be updated at a pre-configured interval. They should be updated separate from the background map to reduce the load on the map server. The technical approach to achieve this will be to use a unknown frame to send the request to retrieve updated device and event data and receive the response. The response will package the data in XML file to be parsed into a document object model (DOM) and display the data on ma p. The request can be to retrieve all data or only retrieve data newer than last retrieval.When the new device/event is received and it requires changing the display of the device/events, the style assignment for the elements can be changed to update the device and event display. The VML elements will be sent using real-world coordinates (Maryland State Plane 1983). After the data has been retrieved to the client side, the VML map layers can be dynamically projected using the local coordinate space. When user zooms or pan the map, the VML will be projected using the updated coordinates to fit the new map extent without going back to the server to retrieve new data set.5.3 Inter-Frame Client Script SynchronizationThe map page has a few frames and the browser loads them asynchronously. Scripts in one frame may call scripts in another frame that may not have been loaded. The approach to resolve this is to add client-side exception handling and verification routine to ensure that the s cript is called always after the frame is loaded.5.4 Assigning and Editing outlet LocationThe dynamic character of VML elements in the browser allows adding and modifying VML elements by scripting. When the user clicks or drags the mouse on the map, client-side script manages the transformation of screen coordinates and real-world map coordinates. The coordinates are sent back to the servers secured URL where the information is extracted and saved to the database.5.5 ScalabilityThe CHART mapping application serves not only the Intranet users, but also Internet browser clients. During emergency situations, the load on both the Internet and Intranet servers could get extremely high. The system must be able to scale up to serve large amount of users.The technical approach to solve this issue involves two main facets. As described in the network configuration section, the system will employ network load balancing and allows adding additional hardware in the future. The system should al so be able to utilize the caching feature of IIS and ASP.Net to scale up without significantly increase hardware investment. ASP.Net allows caching configuration for individual page modules, such as whether the page is cached and how long it is cached. After the application is deployed, these caching settings can be configured on the web pages. For example, if it is unflinching that the Internet mapping can be up to 3 seconds late, by setting caching time to 3 seconds, all requests from the Internet will receive a cached response without creating additional load on the map and database server.5.6 Exception Management and RecoveryCHART II keeps its clients updated via a push model using the CORBA causa Service. The Event Service does not guarantee delivery therefore it is possible for event data to be lost/dropped (although in practice, this is rare). To account for this possibility, the CHART Web Event Listener will refresh its information about the status of devices and traffic e vents from CHART II at a configurable interval. Also, each time the Event Listener is started, it will retrieve all relevant data from CHART II. Thus, the update model becomes a push model with an occasional pull to be safe.This process will be used to recover from the following situations1. The Event Listener was down and did not receive new data from CHART II.2. CHART II CORBA event(s) occasionally dropped while the Event Listener is up and running.Another likely scenario is that the CHART II server or service(s) restart. After a typical restart, the CORBA Event Service CORBA objects will berecreated with the same characteristics allowing the Event Listener to continue to automatically receive CHART II CORBA events. As the CHART II services will not be processing events during this time, no events are likely to be missed. Therefore, the Event Listener does not need to do anything special to handle a CHART II server or service(s) restart.Sometimes CHART II maintenance will require that new (and different) Event Service CORBA objects be created. This might happen during a CHART II upgrade, for example. In this case, the Event Listener will need to be restarted so that it can pick up the new objects. Since this type of maintenance does not occur often and the Event Listener restarting is fast, the restart can be handled as part of the CHART II upgrade procedures.5.7 Integration with ASP Code in EORS and CHART Web ApplicationThe CHART Intranet Mapping, replacing the existing EORS mapping application, will still be launched as a separate window by a URL string with a few parameters identifying the district, view type, etc. The impact on EORS web application should be limited to modifying the URL links.The current CHART Internet Mapping site uses include statement to include site navigation pages from upper level CHART web sites pages. When upgrading Internet Mapping to ASP.Net, include statement is no longer used. Instead, a ServerXMLHTTP request can be formulate d to request the text from the included ASP page and merge them into the mapping ASP.Net pages. The limitation of this implementation would be that the ASP.Net application couldnt share the session and application variables from the ASP application. Currently, there are only a couple of them, such as database connection string. The ASP.Net mapping application will preserve a separate set of application variables.6. User embrasure Design6.1 Intranet Map Site User Interface DesignHere following is a high-level frame structure for the Intranet mapping site1. AppFrame is the highest-level frame that includes all the child frames. On the top of the page, there will be the title frame, which will host theCHART icon. Also inside the title frame will be a group of tabs, such as Traffic, Roadway Weather, Message Sign, etc.2. ToolsFrame hosts the map navigation and other map related tools. The ToolsFrame will also host menu system that allows the user to bring up data and other detailed inf ormation.3. HiddenFrame will be used to submit and receive information from the server.4. ContentFrame is further divided to a map frame on the left and a data frame on the right. The user shall be able rearrange the frame boundary to give more space to the map or data area. Data frame will display data as well as legend, layer have and other items when needed.5. PromptFrame will display the current tool selected and instructions for user activities.Here is a screen shot of the preliminary user interface design6.2 Internet Map Site User InterfaceThe overall CHART Internet mapping web site design will stay the same as current web site. The site will stay as part of the overall CHART web site by including the CHART navigation menus into the site.The site will not be using frames instead, all elements will be laid out as HTML tables.7. References1. CHART/EORS Intranet Mapping System Requirement Specification 2. CHART Internet Mapping System Requirement Specification3. Security and Arc IMS ESRI snow-clad Paper4. ArcSDE Configuration and Tuning Guide for Microsoft SQL Server ESRI White Paper 5. ArcIMS 4.0 High-Availability Configuration Testing Using Network Load Balancing ESRI White Paper 6. Vector Markup Language (VML) Specification W3C8. Terms and rubricArcXML ESRIs map request/response specification in XML format CORBA Common Object take Broker ArchitectureCSS Cascading Style SheetsDOM Document Object ModelESRI Environment System Research implantGIS Geographic Information SystemGML Geography Markup LanguageNLB Network Load BalancingSSL Secure Socket LayerSVG Scalable Vector GraphicsVML Vector Markup LanguageXML Extensible Markup Language